Marjan: Red Coral Gemstones
Red coral, known as Marjan, is an organic gem from the sea, prized for its warm orange to oxblood red and its Mars tradition.
Stones
Precious coral is the skeleton of tiny sea animals that live in colonies, building branching structures of calcium carbonate. Polished, it takes a soft, satin glow. Colours range from pale salmon and orange to deep oxblood red. Most precious red coral comes from the Mediterranean and the waters around Japan and Taiwan.
In Pakistan Marjan is traditionally associated with Mars, and many wear it on the ring finger, often as an oval or triangular cabochon set in gold or copper alloys. Its weight is frequently chosen on family or astrological advice. We describe that tradition without promising any effect.
Imitations and treatments
Coral has more imitations than most gems, so it pays to look carefully. Dyed bamboo coral or white coral is common, as are plastic, glass and reconstituted coral made from powder and resin. Signs of natural precious coral include fine parallel growth lines and a slightly uneven colour. Dye often gathers in cracks and pits. Our listings show the treatment status we know for each piece.
Waxing to improve the polish is a standard practice. Filling pits with resin is less acceptable and should be disclosed.
Price rises with depth and evenness of red, size and the absence of pits or cracks. Fine large cabochons of even oxblood colour are scarce.
Coral is soft, 3 to 4 on the hardness scale, and sensitive to acids, heat and chemicals. Perfume, lemon juice and vinegar can etch it. A bezel protects it in rings. Wipe it with a soft cloth, never steam or ultrasonic clean it, and avoid hot water.